On the first day of his second term, President Donald Trump announced a series of executive actions addressing immigration and border security. President Trump signed orders that his officials said were “common sense immigration policies.”

Among President Trump's orders are the declaration of a national emergency on the country's southern border with Mexico, the deployment of armed forces there, the construction of a wall, the end of asylum and the right enjoyed by every individual born within American territory to automatically obtain citizenship, VOA writes.

During his inauguration speech, President Trump said that the previous administration provided unlimited funding for the protection of foreign borders, but on the other hand, as he stated, refused to protect the borders and the American people.

"As commander in chief, I have no greater responsibility than to defend our country from threats and attacks. That is exactly what I will do. We will do this at a level that no one has ever seen before," Mr Trump said.

Trump administration officials provided details on the president's plans to address what has been described as a "national and public security crisis" at the US-Mexico border.

"President Trump was elected with a strong mandate to deliver on campaign promises, including his promise to secure the southern border and carry out the largest deportation in history of immigrants who have committed crimes," said a White House official who spoke on condition of anonymity.

These are some of President Trump's administration's plans on immigration:

National emergency at the border

President Trump said he will send the military to the US-Mexico border, including the National Guard, to help law enforcement currently operating there.

Officials emphasized that border security is national security and that the administration is committed to securing the border through the military.

"This act provides for the deployment of armed forces to the border and the erection of physical barriers, while urging the secretaries (of Defense) and (of Homeland Security) to complete the wall along the border. We will restore the 'Stay in Mexico' policy," the White House official said.

Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, a fellow at the American Immigration Council, wrote on the social platform X that without Mexico's permission, the promise to reinstate the 'Remain in Mexico' policy is, as he put it, 'words on paper'.

Under the "remain in Mexico" policy, announced during Mr. Trump's first administration, a portion of asylum seekers remain in Mexico awaiting the review of their asylum claims.

Juan Ramon de la Fuente, Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs, said in a press conference Monday morning that Mexico does not agree with the “reinstatement of the ‘Remain in Mexico’ policy.”

Asked how many troops are expected to be deployed to the border, Trump administration officials said the final decision will be made by the defense secretary.

The new administration gave immigration and border protection agents more powers and created a federal task force that will work with state-level law enforcement agencies in efforts to deport immigrants, VOA reports.

Mass deportations

Another order focuses on undocumented immigrants across the country.

The Republican president repeatedly promised mass deportations during the campaign, aiming to deport at least 11 million undocumented individuals.

Mr. Trump's team told reporters that the administration would provide immigration agents with the "authority" necessary to enforce existing laws.

"Not all people are bad. Some of us seek asylum to help our relatives and to have better living conditions that we don't have in our own countries," says Nidia Montenegro, an asylum seeker from Venezuela who is in Tijuana, hoping to one day be reunited with her son who lives in New York.

In his campaign, Mr. Trump pledged to eliminate President Joe Biden's deportation practices, which targeted individuals with criminal records and those considered a threat to national security, replacing them with expanded policies that would include all undocumented immigrants.

Stephen Yale-Loehr, a retired professor of immigration law at Cornell Law School, told VOA via email that mass deportation efforts and raids may receive more attention, but deportations will not be immediately widespread.

“If a person has a deportation order and it has not yet been enforced, they can be deported immediately. But the number of such cases is relatively small. Most of those caught will be subject to deportation proceedings in immigration courts. Those courts have an estimated 3.8 million cases pending. Given the backlog, it takes years for large numbers of people to learn whether they will be deported or allowed to stay through asylum or some other form of protection,” she said.

Release of immigrants

The new administration also announced the end of the practice of releasing immigrants in the United States pending the review of their asylum claims, also known as the "catch and release" practice.

The refugee program

President Trump is also ending the refugee program. During his first administration, he gradually reduced the annual number of people granted refugee status to a record 15 in 2021.

Refugee activists said at the time that the decline in refugee numbers marks a departure from the United States' long-standing role in the global resettlement of refugees to safe places.

Erol Kekiv, vice president of programs at Church World Services, said in an email to reporters that his group is urging President Trump to reconsider the policy. Church World Services is one of nine national refugee resettlement agencies authorized by the federal government to help refugees start a new life.

"Even a brief pause in the program could have a devastating impact on those displaced by violence, persecution, families separated by oceans and continents, and our communities that embrace the spirit of eternal hospitality in our great nation," he wrote.

The end of asylum and the 'CBP One' app

One of President Trump's orders calls for the immediate deportation of immigrants who have crossed the border illegally, without having the opportunity to file asylum claims.

Shortly after President Trump's inauguration, the Customs and Border Protection Agency said in a statement on its website that the agency would no longer use the 'CBP One' app, which had facilitated the legal entry of nearly 1 million people into the United States.

"I have brothers in the United States. I wanted to go there because my country is dangerous. I think the US is the only country that offers safety. I also want to be with my family and provide a better future for my children," says Danila Alabarado, an immigrant from Honduras, whose appointment she had scheduled on the 'CBP One' app was canceled.

The app allowed immigrants to apply to come to the border and then apply for humanitarian parole or other forms of legal review. The use of parole under the 'CBP One' system was part of the Biden administration's broader efforts to manage the flow of immigrants and provide legal pathways to entry, rather than individuals crossing the border illegally.

However, parole granted through the 'CBP One' application did not guarantee permanent legal status, but allowed individuals to temporarily stay and, in some cases, apply for work authorization while their asylum claim was being processed.

The notification from the 'CBP One' app also confirms that all existing appointments on it have been canceled.

Citizenship for those born on American soil

President Trump also signed an order that repeals the right of individuals born within the United States to automatically obtain American citizenship.

This right is guaranteed by the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution. The actions of the new administration are facing major legal challenges following this action.

The Northern California Civil Liberties Union, a non-profit organization in the United States that is committed to protecting the rights and freedoms guaranteed by American laws and the Constitution, said in a letter sent to the media that they "are ready."

"We are ready to do it again, from day one of the second Trump administration. We will defend immigrants' rights to due process in the face of mass deportations," the email said.

Donald Trump was sworn in as the 47th president of the United States on Monday, marking a political comeback. US Vice President JD Vance was also sworn in on Capitol Hill yesterday.